The integrated circuit from an Intel 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a C.P.U. running at 12 MHz, 128 bytes of RAM, 2048 bytes of EPROM, and I/O in the same chip.
A Micro controller (or)M.C.U. is a computer on a chip . It is a type of Microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in a PC). The only difference being in a microcontroller and a microprocessor is that a microprocessor has three parts - ALU, Control Unit and registers(like memory), but the microcontroller has additional elements like ROM, RAM etc.
Programming Environments
Originally, micro controllers were only programmed in Assembly language, or later in C code. Recent micro controllers integrated with on-chip debug circuitry accessed by In-circuit Emulator via JTAG enables a programmer to debug the software of an embedded system with a debugger .
Some micro controllers have begun to include a built-in High Level Programming Language Interpreter for greater ease of use. The Inter 8052 and Zilog Z8 were available with BASIC very early on, and BASIC is more recently used in the popular BASIC STAMPS MCUs.
Some micro controllers such as Analog Device's Blackfin processors can be programmed using LabVIEW, which is a high level programming language.
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